Definition

Patellar tendonitis is inflammation of the patellar tendon, the tissue that connects your knee cap (patella) to your shin bone (tibia). It is most frequent in sports involving jumping, hence the nick name, "jumpers knee." The patella tendon plays a vital role in the straightening (extension) of your leg during running.

Causes

Abnormal stresses applied to the tendon that attaches the knee cap (patella) to the lower leg (tibia). Excessive jumping and hill running can be a causative factor. Abnormal stress can be a factor due to muscle imbalances leading to "mal- tracking" of the knee cap. This is when the knee cap is off of its normal tracking pattern during leg movement.

Symptoms

Upon initial onset it is usually painful only with activity, localized to the patella tendon, just below the knee cap. If not addressed, it can progress to a constant ache. This pain is often noticed with stair climbing and descent, squatting, jumping, and running. You may notice some swelling in the involved knee.

Prevention/Treatment

A proper stretching routine for the quadriceps, hamstrings, and illiotibial band is a very important preventative technique with patellar tendonitis (see photos). Again, gradually increasing mileage and proper footwear help reduce the incidence of patellar tendonitis and other overuse injuries. Incorporating lower extremity strength training techniques into your routine is also important in reducing abnormal stresses at the patellar tendon. Avoiding excessive downhill running (eccentric muscle loads) will also reduce undue stress. If symptoms arise it is best to ice the patella tendon after activity. Sometimes a patellar strap (Chopat) is helpful, as it will reduce stressful forces at the patella tendon. If symptoms persist see your doctor and seek the help of a physical therapist. Clinically, addressing gait and muscle abnormalities can help quickly resolve this condition. The use of therapeutic exercise, ultrasounds, electrotherapy, kinesiotape, and manual therapy can be effective in managing this condition.

Below are pictures of (a.) quadriceps stretching, (b.) hamstring stretches, (c.) a chopat strap ("patella band"), and (d.) a kinesiotaped knee.