Definition

This is a pain localized to the lateral hip due to inflammation at the bursa along the lateral hip. The bursa is a fluid filled membrane sac that is located at most joints in the body. The role of the bursa is for cushioning and reducing friction at the joint surface. The greater trochanter is the large bony prominence that is at the lateral thigh bone (femur) near your hip. This bony landmark is easily palpable, and is an important attachment for muscles that move your leg out to the side (abduction).

Symptoms

This condition leads to a localized dull to strong ache, depending on severity, located at the lateral upper thigh. Athletes will often point to one spot that has the most pain. Some severe cases have significant swelling.

Causes

Greater trochanteric bursitis is usually caused by a combination of hip muscle weakness and tightness. Tight iliotibial band (ITB) and lateral hip muscles can lead to increased compression on the bursa. This stress can increase with moving the leg away from the body (abduction). Poor knee and ankle mechanics can also lead to stress at the lateral hip. An athlete who is knock-kneed and has ankles that roll to the medial side (medial arch) have an increased incidence of stress on the greater trochanteric bursa. A direct impact, such as that from a fall, can cause an acute case of greater trochanteric bursitis.

Prevention and Treatment

Incorporating an adequate stretching program, especially of the illiotibial band, can help reduce the incidence of trochanteric bursitis. Performing resistance training for the hip and core muscles will reduce stress at the lateral hip. Wearing proper shoes, and if necessary orthotics will help maintain a neutral foot and reduce an abnormal knee angle. Using ice at the lateral hip for 10-20 minutes will help reduce inflammation at the bursa. If diagnosed with this condition physical therapy is very successful with exercises, ultrasound, and manual therapy. If this condition persists see your orthopedist for a possible steroid injection.

Below are picture of the (a.) greater trochanteric bursa, and (b.) iliotibial band stretches.